Fascism and the Great Depression Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fascism and the Great Depression - Assignment Example Countries who had a long tradition and history of democracy and representative government were able to persist with freedom, while countries that did not have that history were quick to abandon the parliamentary process in favor of fascism. The totalitarian governments of Germany and Italy were made possible by the creation of a political void when the depression set in. There was no long history of cooperative politics to base a future of compromise and sacrifice on. Both Germany and Italy fit this mold. Germany became an extreme form of totalitarianism with the practice of genocide and a policy of ethnic cleansing. Italy was less authoritarian in that it did not have world domination as a policy goal. However, Italy did wish to dispose of capitalism and put the power into the hands of the working class. This called for extreme measures to push their socialist agenda. Mainstream and moderate political ideas were shut out and in the process, total control was given over to the fascist rulers. The Rise of Adolph Hitler Adolph Hitler was able to rise to unquestioned authority in Germany, which resulted in one of the most brutal dictatorships in the history of the world. He was able to rise to power as a part of the Nazi party machine. The Nazis had gained popularity after World War I and the resulting sanctions that were placed on Germany at that time. The Nazi party was based on an intense feeling of nationalism and patriotism. It emphasized that the German people stood alone against the rest of the world and the true Germanic race was superior. Hitler was able to exploit these feelings when he came to power at the beginning of the Great Depression. The time was right for a strong leader and Hitler capitalized on the economic misfortunes.

Defects of Consent Essay Example for Free

Defects of Consent Essay A defect of consent is a situation where a party’s declaration does not reflect his actual intent. This difference between declaration and intent may be caused by other parties,in order to make someone to form a contract with themselves. Fraud and Duress are this kind of defects. Roughly,fraud is deceiving someone by hiding certain facts or giving them a wrong impression/information in order to make them form a contract and duress is scaring or threatening someone to make them form a contract. If there is a difference between declaration and intent,which unintentionally resulted from the declarant,we can say there is an error. In some cases,both parties are mistaken about contract. Such defects are called â€Å"Collective Error†. In these situations,contract is formed by parties’ true intent,not according to their false statements. Error In the TCO article 30,the law states that â€Å"A party acting under an essential error when entering into a contract is not bound by it. † Interpreting this article,we can deduce that essentiality is a key concept,since unessential errors will not affect validity of the contract. Some aspects of essential error are specified in TCO,but law does not limit cases of essential error with those articles. Unwritten states of essential error are determined by the rules of good faith. Error may occur in several ways: Error in declaration In the TCO article 31 the law sets forth: An error is deemed particularly essential in the following cases 1-Where a party intended to conclude a contract different from that to which he consented. A wants to sell 100 kilos of olive oil to B,but during the formation of the contract, A inadvertently states that he wants to buy 100 kilos of olive oil and B agrees the offer. -Where a party has concluded a contract relating to a subject matter other than the subject matter he intended. A wants to buy E branded good,but during the formation of the contract he states he wants to buy F branded good by mistake and is not aware of it. 3-Where a party declared his intent to conclude the contract other than the whom he intended to. A wants to s end an offer via mail to B,but he writes a different adress and mail goes to C. C accepts the offer. 4-Where a party took a specific person into consideration as the other party in entering a contract but declared his intent to another. A is a nanny who wants to raise B’s child C,but during the formation of the contract she stated the name of B’s mentally deficient child D. A is mistaken about someone’s identity,not someone’s qualifications. Otherwise it would be error in motive,which shouldn’t be confused. 5- Where a party has promised to make a significantly greater performance or has accepted a promise of a significantly lesser consideration than he actually intended. Error in calculation of a simple nature do not affect the validity of the contract;but they should be corrected. A good should have 10. 000 dollars written on its label but accidently 1000 dollars is writtenon label. A buys the good for 1000 dollars. Error of Agents The law states in TCO article 33 that â€Å"Where an offer to enter into a contract has been incorrectly communicated by a Messenger,translator or other agents or by any means,the provisions governing error are applicable†. Error of agents are counted as error in declaration. Mistranslation,misinforming,changes in the text during telegraphing†¦ are examples of such errors. Error by Considering a Demeanour as Consent When a party’s action is considered as an offer or acceptance by another party,and the other party is right to consider this as such and forms the contract,contract will be valid. However mistaken party can put forward that he is mistaken and benefit from the provision of error in declaration. Texts signed without reading If a party signs a text without reading ,and is right to think that the text suits his intent,outcome is determined by the other party’s knowledge about this intent. If the other party knows or has to know that text does not suit signer’s intent,contract will not have been formed and thus there will not be any need for provisions of error. On the other hand,if the other party does not know or have to know the signer’s intent,contract will be formed,but signing party by proving that the error is essential,can benefit from provisions of error in declaration. Signature in Blank One of the parties agree to sign in blank first,then allow other party to constitute the contract. If this contract formed later on has contents which do not suit signing party’s actual intent,he can benefit from provisions of error. Error in Motive Error in motive is caused by an error in the formation of intent. On principle,error in motive is not essential. If there are conditions prescribed by the law,there is an essential error in motive. In TCO article 32,the law sets forth that â€Å"Error in motive is not deemed as essential unless the mistaken party deems the motive as necessary basis for the contract and it is valid regarding the business affairs in good faith. Yet this rule is not applicable unless the other party is aware of this motive† According to this article,error in motive is essential if the party deems this motive as necessary basis for the contact. This means the party is mistaken about a subject or qualifications of someone which affected his decision to form the contract. Error in material qualification,error in fact,error in legal status are examples of such mistakes. A wants to buy sculpor B’s statue but in fact the statue is a replica. In this situation there is error in material qualification. A thinks he is assigned to a job in another city,so he rents a house in that city. He made an error in fact. A purchases a land to build a house,but does not know construction is forbidden on this site. He is mistaken about land’s legal status. Also if other party is or has to be aware of the motive,error is deemed as essential. This should be determined in the present case. Avoidability In TCO art. 30 the law stipulates that â€Å"A party acting under an essential error when entering into a contract is not bound by it. † However this is limited by TCO art. 39. The contract will be valid if the mistaken party does not abolish the contract in a year,beginning from the moment he realises his error. Good Faith Rules in Error Right to avoid is also limited by the law. The law states in TCO art. 34 that â€Å"A person may not advance error in a manner in violation of good faith. In particular, the contract is considered to be concluded in a way that the party acting in error intended, in case the other party declares his consent to be bound by that contract. † Violation of good faith mentioned in the first subsection may be like this: A person learns that he made an essential error about a contract which he concluded years ago. He wants to use his right to avoid just to damage other party. In that case he will not be able to benefit from provisions of error since it is a violation of good faith. Second subsection of this provision is particularly important. I wish to give a case in this point,in order to better explain it: A wants to buy a kilo of fruit for 2 Liras,but he is mistaken and accepts B’s offer to buy a kilo for 3 Liras. Then A states his mistake to B,B immediately says he is ready to sell it for 2 Liras. In this situation A cannot put forward that he wants to nullify the contract,since he made an essential error. The contract is formed. Error by Negligence According to TCO art. 35 â€Å"A party acting in error is liable for any loss arising from the nullity of the agreement where the error is attributable to his own negligence. However, there is no compensation if the other party knew or should have known of the error. In the interests of equity, the Court may, not exceeding the benefit of standart performance, award further damages to the injured party. † The first subsection is about responsibility of parties’ actions before the formation of the contract (culpa in contrahendo). Even a slightest negligence in error results in culpa in contrahendo,and in such situations damages will be compensated. According to the second sentence of this subsection,there will not be any compensations if the other party knew or should have known of the error. But this provision is not applicable to error of declaration,since if the other party knew or should have known the error in declaration,contract is formed according to the declarant’s real intent. Yet if a party knows or has to know other party made an error in motive,mistaken party will not have to compensate any damages even if he abolishes the contract. Amount of the damage that will be compensated,is the damage that would not exist if the contract would not be formed. This kind of damage is â€Å"negative damage†. Benefit of the standart performance is named as â€Å"positive damage†. According to the second subsection,judge may decide further damages. This â€Å"further damage† is compensation of positive damage. Amount of positive damage that must be compensated may be some of the positive damage or all of the positive damage,determined by equity,but cannot exceed positive damage.

Essay on Female Companions in The Awakening and A Dolls House

Importance of Female Companions in The Awakening and A Doll's House      Ã‚  Ã‚   Female companions are very important to the development of the main characters in Kate Chopin's The Awakening and in Henrik Ibsen's A Doll House. Mademoiselle Reisz and Madame Ratignolle, in The Awakening, and Kristine Linde, in A Doll House, help Edna Pontellier and Nora Helmer discover their inner selves.    Mademoiselle Reisz, Madame Ratignolle, and Kristine Linde all act as role models for the protagonists. Edna deeply admires Mademoiselle Reisz's piano playing. When Edna hears Mademoiselle Reisz's playing, "the very passions themselves were aroused within her soul, swaying it, lashing it, as the waves daily beat upon her splendid body" (Chopin 35). Mademoiselle Reisz makes Edna see the strong emotions inside herself. Edna admires Madame Ratignolle's "comforting and outgoing nature" (Solomon 118). At the beginning of the novel, Edna wishes she could have Madame Ratignolle's easygoing nature.    Kristine Linde is a role model for Nora because of her independence. Kristine Linde has suppo...

History of the United States

The successive phase of mining contributed by subduing the continent. The mining frontier attracted population and wealth as well as advertising the found wonders of he west. The founding of metals helped finance the Civil War as it facilitated the building of railroads, enabled the Treasury to continue specie payments, and brought the silver issue into American politics. Cattle raising contributed to the settlement of the Great West by creating a new profitable business that easily sprang up into existence â€Å"as a main pillar of the economy'.And lastly, the successive phase of farming contributed to the settlement of the Great West by contributing to new inventions and techniques used in farming that made it easier and more convenient. . There were various social, ethnic, environmental, and economic factors that made the trans-Mississippi west a unique region among the successive American frontiers. Native Americans made their last and final attempt at colonization in the trans- Mississippi west and still reside there today.Since their â€Å"Anglo† culture collided with that of Hispanic culture, the southwest remains the most Hispanicize region in America. The scale and severity of the environment brought challenges to human ambitions and the environment continued to form a social and political life. The federal government has played a massive role in the trans-Mississippi west economic and social development like in no other region. 4. There were many factors that made western farmers economically vulnerable even as they were expanding their agricultural production in the Great West.High prices had forced farmers into plating single â€Å"cash† crops and use their profits to purchase manufactured goods and foodstuffs at the general store. Large-scale farmers were entering the business world as they were becoming tied to banking, railroading, and manufacturing. They had to ay expensive machinery in order to speed up production of crops, especi ally wheat. Such widespread use of these expensive machines called for first class management. Many farmers were unskilled though, and put the blame on railroads and banks for their losses.Once farmers had stuck with the idea of single cash crops, their stability was either well or poor, when prices were high all went well and when the prices were low then farmers had to dwell on bankruptcy. 5. There were many strong points in the Farmers' Alliances as well as many weaknesses. The strongest points of the Farmers' Alliance were that the embers all agreed on the goals of the Alliance such as, the need to nationalize railroads, abolish national banks, institute a graduated income tax, and create a new federal substructures.Their crusade was an impassioned one and they seemed unstoppable as their efforts to relieve the misfortunes of the farmer were becoming noticed and unavoidable. The Farmers' Alliance weakest points were that they did not think to include more farmers that would have proved to be more useful and represent a greater and stronger organization. Its programs were only targeted at those who had owned their land. They had ignored and excluded the plight of landless tenant farmers, sharecroppers, framework's, and black farmers who made up nearly half of the agricultural population.The farmers' protests scared eastern interests so badly because they were gaining political strength, which was unwanted from the farmers of the South and West. 6. There were various actual effects of the frontier on American society at different stages of its development. Some of those actual effects of the frontier consist of ones that helped transform both the region and nation. The national character was shaped by the westward movement. Hazard of the western wilderness such as distance, deserts, drought, and Indians transformed Europeans into Americans.What was valuable in Frederick Jackson Turners ‘frontier thesis† despite its being discredited by subsequent historians was that the idea of it was based on his belief that the frontier helped to shape and mold the American national character, and that it marked the edge of civilization that included diverse cultures, ideas and traditions. Chapter 28: 7. There were many economic and political effects of the Republicans' high tariff, high-spending policies of the early asses. Some of those economic and political effects consist of a quarrel between the Republicans and the Democrats over a quorum.The Republican House speaker, Thomas B. Reed had took to make changes to the House rules. He had pieced out quorums and therefore he counted as present certain Democrats in the chamber who had not answered the roll and denied that they were present. The fifty-first, or â€Å"Billion-Dollar' congress created expensive legislators. 8. Cleveland response to the depression of 1893 created labor and farmer unrest and divided the Democratic Party. Those who had advocated for silver lived that â€Å"hel l would freeze over† before Congress passed the repeal measure.

Junk food in schools Essay

The Government had set out a ban to prevent junk food from being sold to children at canteens. Mark Fraser had written a letter to a newspaper company called Community Chronicle on the 29th of October 2010 to share his disbelief at the government’s vain attempt to prevent obesity. Throughout this piece, he uses an attacking tone. He aims to target the audience of parents with children in schools to agree with him on his contention that this vain attempt will not benefit the children. Since the beginning, Fraser believes that eating habits are heavily influenced by the parents. He urges parents to take responsibility of their own children. He admits that he weighs â€Å"close to 100 kilograms† and further strengthens his statement by claiming that he is a â€Å"responsible parent.† He personalizes the statement and enables the audience to see him as a regular person and also being a responsible parent for his children despite being overweight. Fraser argues that children need to learn â€Å"self-restraint† and that parents should be responsible to make â€Å"informed decisions† for their children. He implies to the audience that a responsible parent should educate their children on their food choices. Fraser quoted Dr Peter Clifton who said â€Å"37 percent† of their daily energy intake is consumed at school, but only â€Å"14 percent† was lunch bought from the school canteen and â€Å"schools should be a focus for combating childhood obesity but strategies were needed to tackle the lunchbox, not just the school canteen.† He shifts the blame from the school cafeteria to the parents, implying that the parents should make good decisions for their children when packing for them. Fraser believes that the bans will have no impact on children’s eating habits. He begins by claiming this â€Å"strategy will not make our children perfectly healthy eaters† and † it will not encourage our kids to get out and get fit.† He implies that they’re other more effective solutions out there other than â€Å"canteen policing†. Fraser had also quoted two major principals’ associations that â€Å"young people consume at most 5 of their 21 meals a week at school† and the policy would make kids feel that â€Å"junk food is an attractive â€Å"taboo†.† He reinforces his contention by implementing the use of expert opinion, leading the audience to be more likely to believe his contention. Lastly, Fraser expresses his concern regarding the schools’ finances by stating that the â€Å"canteen is a major revenue stream for school funding.† He suggests that once the ban is put into place, sales wouldn’t be too great and there schools would lose it’s main source of revenue. Fraser also questioned whether the government would be â€Å"allocating additional funds for the revenue shortfall† He also suggested that the government might not fund the school’s revenue shortfall even if the school is affected by the ban. Fraser suggests that the ban will most likely cause major financial problems regarding the schools’ revenue steam. Fraser believed that the ban proposed by the government was merely a waste of time. He had strongly conveyed his negative opinion toward the government’s approach from the very start. He believes that children’s eating habits are majorly influenced by the parents, not the school canteen’s food choices. Fraser also believes that the bans will be off no impact toward children’s eating habits and at the same time also cause major financial problems for the school. He urges for the state government to â€Å"wake up† and see that â€Å"kids need opportunities to make their own decisions† and â€Å"stay active.†

Top 10 Tips On Saving Your Time

Top 10 Tips On Saving Your Time Top 10 Tips on Saving Time as a College Student Often as a college student, there is never enough time in a day with all the juggling between classes, homework, study sessions, family time, work and a little fun. To be successful as a student, its important to learn how to manage the most critical resource, which is time. Here are 10 tips to help students get a grasp on the busy college life, so they can save time and reward themselves with a college degree as soon as possible. 1. Get the help of a professional writing service As the semester kicks off, many students look forward to studying and completing different assignments in time, but it reaches a point when their schedule is filled up, and there is no time to write every single essay/paper. Buying a college paper from a professional writing service goes a long way to keeping you on top of assignments and exams in the midst of tight and demanding schedules. You will not only save on time to attend to other important tasks, but you will get high-quality written assignments that are delivered on time and by the best writers. By using this service, you will live a stress and challenge-free life in whatever program you may be enrolled in, knowing that you will receive well researched, 100% unique work that is created just for you. Dont hesitate to find the help of professional writers in your essay writing needs for a productive and efficient academic journey. You may order your essay, dissertation or another type of college paper on our order page. 2. Set Priorities Note the most important tasks and tackle them first even if they are things you would usually dread to do. When you start each day by organizing your tasks and knowing ahead what needs to be done, you will achieve a new level of productivity you never thought possible. You can use simple apps that let you create a daily list of tasks so you will never forget a major task or miss a deadline like homework or test dates. 3. Study Smarter Some students study really hard but only get average results while others invest half the amount of time and get outstanding results.Well-performing students dont necessarily study for long hours, but they study smartly. Develop a study game plan to allow you to direct your focus on what is important. Make a summary of what you read, join a group discussion and organize ideas in a way you can recall (memory retention strategies). 4. Know Yourself It helps knowing when you function best as a learner so that you can make the best use of the time you have. Some people perform better in early mornings while others prefer to stay late. Whatever kind of person you are, you will achieve better outcomes if you schedule your classes and study sessions around your preferences. Reserve peak times for more intensive tasks and low concentration times for less intensive tasks like copying notes or typing assignments. 5. Find a Way of Doing Things Faster Many times as college students you waste time doing things for longer periods than you normally should. You can figure out a way of getting things done faster may be by multitasking and getting a couple of things done at the same time. For example, you could listen to your recorded lecture notes while folding laundry or doing your nails. 6. Avoid Procrastination Procrastination only results in wastage of time and energy. Stay dedicated to what you have set out to accomplish and dont push it for later. You have so much to lose with continued inaction so its better to get done with it when you can. 7. Be Healthy to Improve Productivity What you eat affects your productivity. Eating a well-balanced diet will significantly boost your energy levels so that you stay productive throughout the day. Your moods will greatly be improved while keeping you in top physical form to carry out your errands efficiently. Remember to get enough sleep and clear your head by engaging in fun activities for a more engaged mind when doing school work. 8. Do Away with Distractions You may want to consider eliminating certain distractions that eat away at your time. Television, mobile phones and social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram etc. are typical time wasters we dwell on. Check on such distractions in moderation making sure you take a break completely when doing important tasks like studying or doing assignments. 9. Use Spare Moments Always put something you can study in your bag or save it on the phone so you can take advantage of those long hours you spend waiting in lines, stuck in traffic or eating alone. During such times, you can also memorize, review or reflect on what you have already covered. 10. Be Flexible in Your Routine Many times things will happen that you hadnt seen coming. It is critical for adult college students to have a flexible mindset and flexible schedule to help manage unforeseen circumstances. Flexibility and adaptability will enable you to be in a better position to make the most use of the available time. Therefore dont wait for longer free hours so as to meet with your professor but get it done in the time you have, even between your commitments.

Absolutism represents the principle of being absolute or arbitrary government Essay Example

Absolutism represents the principle of being absolute or arbitrary government Essay Example Absolutism represents the principle of being absolute or arbitrary government Paper Absolutism represents the principle of being absolute or arbitrary government Paper Essay Topic: History Absolutism is first introduced by philosopher Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) who believes in the power of the state and that men cannot survive in an orderly structure without it. The goals of an absolute monarch are to keep a tight rein on the authority of the church and nobility, to make the monarch the most powerful being in the state, to increase the province and esteem of the country and last but not least, to leave behind a inheritor that can rule the country having the same goals. The seventeen centurys most remarkable monarchs are Louis Quatorze (the Son King of France) and Peter I (the Great) of Russia; their careers as monarchs are conclusively achieved due to that fact that both almost accomplish the four goals of absolutism. Louis Quatorze is born on September 5, 1638, having as parents Anne of Austria and the King Louis XIII. It is not until the year of 1661 that Louis comes to the throne and governs France. Once becoming a king, Louis turns his attention towards the nobility and the church. He realizes that in order to retain absolute control over the government, he has to manipulate the nobility. In doing so, he takes from the nobility the traditional right of ruling in the government. Furthermore, Louis hires people from the upper middle class, who are paid to serve him and the state he has power over. The supervision of France is carried out by the Court of State, Court of Finances and Court of Dispatches, councils proposed by Louis. As K. K Campbell states in Louis and his Era, published in Military History, December 1997 edition, Louis court was renowned for its splendor and sophistication. The King also gains control over the Catholic Church, who had been dominant over the state previously. It is after this, that the Catholic Church losses any type of pronouncements socially, politically and economically. This way, Louis of France minimizes the power of the Catholic Church and nobility, accomplishing one of the goals of absolute monarchism. Campbell also states: What cannot be disputed is that Louis and the formidable military machine he commanded elevated France to a position of pre-eminence during his lifetime and for a century thereafter. Louis also modernizes the army of France, and puts it under the power of Francois-Michel Le Tellier. The army becomes very professional and France takes over European politics. Furthermore, no decision is made without his authority. Louis wants to centralize the government so that all decisions are made through him. Now having control over the nobility, Catholic Church and the army, Louis becomes the most important individual in France, achieving the second goal of an absolute monarchism. One of the most important things that Louis wants to do is to gain territory, power and prestige for France. The fact that the army is very modernize, makes Louis want to use it to his advantage. During his reign, Louis takes part in four major wars: the War of Devolution, The Dutch War, The War of the League of Augsburg and The Spanish War. The United provinces, Spain, England, Bavaria and Saxony joined against France, being fearful that Louis would take over Europe. Louis XIV looses the War of Spain, but remains known for introducing to Europe the New France. France is known as one of the most prestigious countries of the seventeen century, having Versailles as a symbol of French power. As Campbell also states: He helped advance the arts in every field through his enlightened patronage. Everything French was in vogue on the Continent. . The goal of gaining territory is not entirely realized, and misery is found in France in the seventeen century. As Garfield Newman states in The Wars of Louis XIV published in Legacy, The West and The World, 2002, The Grandeur of the French State was in tatters and the people were threatening to revolt, frustrated by years of war and increased taxes. It is why Louis XIV conclusively achieves gaining territory for France. It is the only goal that Louis does not fully accomplish. Last but not least, Louis XIV wants to leave behind an inheritor that can rule the state with the same goals he had during his reign. Louiss first son dies and Louis XV, his grandson, come o the throne. As K. K Campbell states : Louis XIV faced the greatest decision of his life, but he saw no choice but to put his 16-year-old grandson on the throne, grandly declaring the elimination of boundaries between France and Spain by saying, Henceforth, there are no Pyrennees. Louis XIV successfully leaves behind an inheritor, conclusively accomplishing absolute monarchism. Peter the Great is born on May 30th, 1672 and comes to the throne in the year of 1682. He is the third son of Czar Alexis Mikhailovitch. Peters first goal is to minimize the power of the Church and nobility. Peter forms what is known as the Holy Synod, which controls the decisions of the state. This way he has power over the state and the Church. Peter needs people to work for him that he could trust. As Garfield Newman states: Finding little support among the Russian elite, the czar chose to fill important posts based on merit rather than lineage or rank. This way the power of the nobility is minimized and the nobles have to go to school in order to get a job serving the state. As Anatoli Riassnovsly states in Peter the Great, published in A History of Russia, 1963, In 1722 Peter published a Table of Ranks that equated a persons social position and privileges with his rank in the bureaucracy or the army rather than with his position in the nobility. The goal of gaining control over the church and nobility is accomplished by Peter the Great, showing that is he an absolute monarch. Next, Peter wants to become the most important person in Russia and to make all decisions. Now having power over the church, army and the nobility, he has power over the state. As Garfield Newman states: Peter had over one thousand streltsy tortured and executed, and their bodies put on displayed as a lesson to the public. His wife, Eudoxia, and his half sister, both of whom had sympathized with the rebels defense of tradition and religion, were forced to become nuns. This shows the power that Peter had over anybody in Russia. Being the most important person in the state is a goal that he accomplishes. Peters first wish is to gain prestige, power and territory. He believes that he can do that by westernizing Russia. Peter himself travels to different countries of Europe with the goal of seeking different types of art and behavior. As K. K Campbell states in Another Founding Father, published in Military History, April 1999, And Oddly, as much as he brought Russia into Europe, so did he bring Europe into Russia, importing European ways and technologies, even establishing the capital at a new, western city, St. Petersburg. Peter also constructed schools such as the School of Mathematics and Navigation, and the Academy of Science. Having power over the army, Peter uses it to gain territory. As it is stated in The most Authoritative Guide to St. Petersburg found in The History of Petersburg, 2002 One of the Peters main goals was to regain access to the Baltic Sea and Baltic trade. In 1700 he started the Northern War with Sweden, which lasted for 21 years. In the course of the war St. Petersburg was founded (1703) in the Neva River delta. At the end of the war Russia was victorious and conquered the vast lands on the Baltic coast. Russia gained access to European trade and St. Petersburg became her major sea port. This shows that Peter has a lot of success in gaining prestige and territory for Russia. This goal of his career is accomplished. Peter of Russia has the power of the state, army, church and nobility. Further more he gains prestige and territory. He only goes wrong when it comes leaving an inheritor behind. As Anatoli Riassnovsky also states: Despite his notable success on the Baltic, Peters reign ended with a great question mark. He had long quarreled with his only son, Alexis. Peter was jealous of the young man and feared he might undertake sedition. In 1718 Peter had his son imprisoned and during his imprisonment, Alexis died mysteriously. This way, when Peter dies, no one comes to the throne. Years later, it is the Church and nobility that rule again. Peter fails leaving an inheritor and so the last goal of absolutism is not reached. Louis Quatorze (the Son King of France) and Peter I (the Great) of Russia are both absolute monarchs. However, their careers as monarchs are conclusively achieved due to that fact that both partially accomplish the goals of absolute monarchism. Louis of France does not succeed into gaining a lot of territory and leaves the majority of France in misery, while Peter of Russia fails to leave behind an inheritor and years later the nobility and Church takes control over the state again. Louis XIV and Peter I remain famous in the era of monarchism and in history, for it is due to their contributions that France and Russia have changed and become who they are today.